Course List

Type Constructors 2

Type Constructor	Formal Type
Mapping (array, list, dictionary)	IndexType -> ContentType
Recursion (a type that contains one of its own type as a member)

Java Refs on ALL Objects, enums, arrays. No Refs on primitives.


          bool[] arr = new bool[3];    // arr: NULL + Ref(int -> bool)
          Apple[] arr2 = new Apple[3]; // arr2: NULL + Ref(int -> (NULL + Ref(Apple)))

C/C++ Refs ONLY on things with *


          boolean arr3[3]; // arr3: int -> boolean

Type Constructors

Each language makes its own decisions about how references happen

Java says there will always be references on constructed types (class, array, enum, string) and never be references on primitives.
C says there can be references as you like on whatever you like when you use * to declare the type.
Python says there will always be a reference on everything.
What does your project language say?

Type Constructors

Most languages have constructed types. What formal type constructors are behind each one?

Java's class is a cartesian and uses a reference
What does your project language say?